Most solar water heating systems have two main parts: a solar collector and a storage tank. The most common collector is called a flat-plate collector (see Figure 12.1). It consists of a thin, flat, rectangular box with a transparent cover that faces the sun, mounted on the roof of building or home. Small tubes run through the box and carry the fluid – either water or other fluid, such as an antifreeze solution – to be heated. The tubes are attached to an absorber plate, which is painted with special coatings to absorb the heat. The heat builds up in the collector, which is passed to the fluid passing through the tubes. An insulated storage tank holds the hot water. It is similar to water heater, but larger is size. In case of systems that use fluids, heat is passed from hot fluid to the water stored in the tank through a coil of tubes. Solar water heating systems can be either active or passive systems. The active system, which are most common, rely on pumps to move the liquid between the collector and the storage tank. The passive systems rely on gravity and the tendency for water to naturally circulate as it is heated. A few industrial application of solar water heaters are listed below: Dairies: Ghee (clarified butter) production, cleaning and sterilizing, pasteurization.
Textiles: Bleaching, boiling, printing, dyeing, curing, ageing and finishing.
Breweries & Distilleries: Bottle washing, wort preparation, boiler feed heating.
Chemical /Bulk drugs units: Fermentation of mixes, boiler feed applications.
Electroplating/galvanizing units: Heating of plating baths, cleaning, degreasing applications.
Pulp and paper industries: Boiler feed applications, soaking of pulp.
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